ABO Ophthalmology Complete Practice Exam 2025

The condition that involves degeneration of the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is glaucoma. This disease primarily affects the optic nerve, leading to characteristic visual field loss and potential blindness if not treated effectively. The increased pressure within the eye can damage the nerve fibers of the optic nerve, ultimately resulting in the degeneration of nerve tissue.

Glaucoma can manifest in different forms, with open-angle glaucoma being the most common. It typically progresses slowly and may not present any symptoms in the early stages, making regular eye examinations crucial for early detection. Managing elevated IOP through medication, laser treatments, or surgery can help preserve vision and prevent optic nerve damage.

In contrast, cataracts primarily affect the lens and lead to cloudy vision, retinal detachment involves the separation of the retina from its supportive tissue, and age-related macular degeneration results in the deterioration of the central part of the retina, impacting central vision, but none of these directly involve the optic nerve or result from elevated IOP in the same manner as glaucoma does.